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ePaper created 2014-12-09, 11:04:52 | version 1.33.01
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OG6g{;Lksf] dfWodaf6 / u'0f:t/Lo hgzlQm pTkfbg u/]/ skf]{/]6 xfp;x¿nfO{ ;3fO/x]sf] 5 . lghL If]qn] ljb]zL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;d]t cfslif{t u/L g]kfnnfO{ lzIffsf] uGtJo agfO{ ko{6g k|j4{gdf ;d]t ;3fpg] sfo{sf] z'?cft u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} lghL If]qn] ljb]zL ljZjljBfno, sn]hx¿ / ljBfnox¿;“u ;DaGwg lnP/ jf efOrf/f ;DaGw sfod u/]/ cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] lzIff g]kfnd} k|bfg u/]sf] 5 / låkIfLo jf jx'kIfLo ;Demf}tfsf] dfWodaf6 g]kfnsf] lzIff hutnfO{ ljb]z;“u hf]8\g k|oTg u/]sf] 5 . lghL If]q lzIffdf /fhg}lts 3';k]7 / /fhg}lts x:tIf]kaf6 Ps xb ;Dd d'Qm 5 . lghL If]qn] k9fO{, v]ns'b tyf cltl/Qm lqmofsnfksf] dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{ Pj+ k|fWofksx¿sf] JolQmTj ljsf;sf] cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . lzIfs, k|fWofks Pj+ sn]h ;~rfnsx¿sf] x}l;ot a9fPsf] 5 / ;dfhdf OHht Pj+ k|lti7f clea[l¢ ug{ ;3fPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] lzIff hut\df !)±@ / )±@ sf] of]ubfg klg lghL If]qsf] of]ubfg;“u s/Lj–s/Lj ldNbfh'Nbf 5g\ . t;y{, )±@ / !)±@ sf] e"ldsf / of]ubfgnfO{ tbcg'?k lng' plrt x'G5 . k|:tfljt lzIff P]g -cf7f} ;+zf]wg_, / xfd|f] ;/f]sf/ lzIff P]g @)^* nfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{ ag]sf] k|:tfljt ljw]os lzIff -cf7f}+ ;+;f]wg_ P]g @)^* / g]kfn lzIfs o'lgog, g]kfn z}lIfs u0ftflGqs d~r ;+nUg ;+o'Qm z}lIfs cfGbf]ng /fli6«o ;ldlt / lzIff dGqfnoaLr ldlt @)^* ;fn r}q @ ut] ePsf] ;xdtLsf s]xL a'“bfx¿n] l;Ëf] lghL If]qnfO{ ddf{xt agfPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwL km/s dtx¿nfO{ lgDg a'“bfx¿df pNn]v ug{ cfjZos 7fGb5' . g]kfn ;/sf/ dGqL kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t eO{ ;+;bdf k|:t't x'g uO/x]sf] k|:tfljt lzIff P]gsf] bkmf !^ sf] pkbkmf # df æsDkgL, ;xsf/L cGt{ut ;~rflnt ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] ;DklQ To:tf] ljBfnosf] gfddf /xg]5Æ eGg] bkmf sDkgL P]gsf] k|lts'n x'g] u/L cfPsf]n] ;f] bkmf vf/]h ug'{ jf~5gLo b]lvG5 . :d/0fLo 5 ls xfn lghL If]qsf clwsf+z lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿ lzIff P]g d'tfljs sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{ngdf btf{ u/L ljZjljBfno tx, pdflj tx / dfljtx ;+rfng u/]sf 5g\ . sDkgL P]gn] nufgLsf] ;'/Iff u/]sf] 5 . @ ducation newsb[ li6 sf] 0f z'qmaf/ ebf} !%, @)^( Friday, 31 August 2012 ;DkfbsLo ducation news@ Ph's];g Go"h kflIfs b[ li6 sf] 0f d+unaf/ kmfu'g !%, @)^( Tuesday, 26 february 2013 n]cfp6 l/8 ldl8of k|fln, yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g M )!–$$(&%)( df]km;n k|ltlglw a'6jn M k|s6 sfˆn], (*$&@%$*!! kf]v/f M tf/f yfkf, (*$^)##^@^ la/f6gu/ M ;Gtf]if clwsf/L, (*%@)@%^@$ dx]Gb|gu/ M lztn e§, (*$*&@!$^$ d'b|0f clq jlzi6 5kfO{ tyf d;nGb pBf]u afuahf/, sf7df8f}++, kmf]g M )!–$@$#(#^ sfof{no gofF jfg]Zj/ sf7df8f}+, kmf]g M )!–$!)$@)@ Od]n M enews.education@gmail.com j]a;fO6 M educationnewsnepal.com EofnL ldl8of k|flnsf nflu cWoIf nIdLk|;fb 9sfnåf/f k|sflzt ;Nnfxsf/ 8f= ab|L kf]v/]n 8f= bL3{l;+x jd k|f= lr/~hLjL zdf{ lbg]zrGb| zdf{ ;Dkfbs sdns'df/ a:g]t ;+jfbbftf lagf]b sf]O/fnf /f]lhgf yfkf hd'gf aflgof sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs /fh]Gb| n'O6]n lgb]{zs z}n]z >]i7, kjgb]j kGt, cf/;L /]UdL P V T. L T D. af“sL k[i7 % df lghL If]qn] cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] hu bx|f] kf/L dfWolds / pRr dfWolds lzIffdf /fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o hutdf ;d]t k|ltikwf{ ug{ ;Sg], ljZj ahf/sf] dfunfO{ k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg] hgzlQm pTkfbg u/]sf] 5 / pRr lzIfftkm{ gljg 1fg tyf ljlzi6 ;Lk tyf bIftfn] cf]tk|f]t /f]huf/d"ns hgzlQm pTkfbg u/L ;d[å /fi6« lgdf{0fsf nflu 6]jf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . pRr lzIffdf lghL If]qsf] of]ubfg /d]zs'df/ l;njfn pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifb\-pdflzk_sf] ;fv lbglbg} lubf]{ cj:yfdf 5 . pRr lzIffnfO{ ;do ;do ;fk]If agfpg], k|fljlws Pj+ Joj;flos lzIffnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ pb]Zon] :yfkgf ul/Psf] pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifb\ b]zs} z}lIfs k|lti7fdf cfFr cfpg] u/}lhDd]jf/ sfddf lnKt x'g yfn]sf] 5 . pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\sf lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Lx¿ g} o;sf] k|lti7fnfO{ w'ldn u/fpg] lqmofsnfkdf nfu]sf] ;dfrf/ cfpg' sbfkL /fd|f] xf]Og . z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug]{, pRr dfWoflds ljBfnox¿sf] cg'udg ug]{, lgdo ljkl/t sfd ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ / ;RRofP/ cuf8L a9\g' kg]{ lgsfo cfkm} cfly{s k|nf]egdf k/]/ pRr dfWoflds ljBfnonfO{ cfkm}n] o:tf cg}lts sfddf pS;fpg' l7s xf]Og . cl3Nnf] jif{ pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifb\n] lnPsf] sIff !! / !@ sf] k/LIffdf r/d clgoldttf ePsf] ;dfrf/ cfP . sltko ljifodf cg'udg klg eP . r/d clgoldttf ePsf] k|dfl0ft klg ePsf] 5 . sn]hx¿;“u ldn]/ ljBfyL{sf] pQ/ k'l:tsfdf p;n] kfPsf] c+sdf c? yk]/ plQ0f{ u/fpg]b]lv sn]h;“u k};f g} lnP/ pTs[i6 glhnf agfO{lbg] ;Ddsf] u}/ lhDd]jf/ sfd pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifb\af6 ePsf] 5 . of] Ps k|sf/sf] z}lIfs ck/fw xf] . ljBfyL{sf] Ifdtf s:tf] 5 eGg] d"Nofª\sg ug]{ Pp6} cfwf/ p;sf] z}lIfs k/LIff xf] . pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifb\n] lbPsf] k|df0fkqn] g} pQm ljBfyL{sf] eljio lgwf{/0f x'G5 . ToxL k|df0f kqn] p;sf] of]Uotf af]N5 . hf];'s} ljBfyL{nfO{ pTs[i6tfsf] k|df0fkq lbg] xf] eg] t kl/ifb\n] nfvf} vr{ u/]/ k/LIff ;~rfngsf] gf6s ug'{ g} kb}{g . v'Nnfd~rdf cfd ljBfyL{nfO{ nfO{gdf /fv]/ k|df0fkq af8] eOxfN5 . csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifb\n] cfly{s k|nf]egdf k/]/ b]zsf] nflu s:tf] gful/s tof/ ub}{ 5 eGg] k|Zg cxd xf] . h'g;'s} ljBfyL{ b]zsf] s0f{wf/ xf] . eljiodf b]zsf] afu8f]/ ToxL ljBfyL{n] ;DxfNg' k5{ . clxn] pRr dfljn] k};f vfP/ plQ0f{ u/fPsf] ljBfyL{n] /fi6«sf] nflu slQsf] ;xL sfd ug{ ;S5 eGg] s'/f dxTjk"0f{ xf] . clxn] pdflzksf s]xL JolQm wgL x'g] gfddf ;Dk"0f{ b]zs} eljio dfly v]njf8 ug'{ sbflk l7s xf]Og . casf] sl/a Ps dlxgfdf k'gM pdflzkn] k'g csf]{ jflifs{ k/LIff ;~rfng ub}{ 5 . o; jif{sf] k/LIffdf klg cl3Nnf] jif{s} lgolt bf]xf]l/g] xf] eg] To:tf] k/LIff ;~rfng ug'{sf] s'g} cf}lrTo g} 5}g . pdflzksf] lubf]{ ;fv hf]ufpgsf] nflu of] jif{sf] k/LIff dxTjk"0f{ x'g;S5 . z}lIfs dflkmofsf] r+u'ndf pdflzd d+unaf/, ;fpg !, @)&) Tuesday, 16 July, 2013 nufgL v] / ghfcf] ;\ ;/ sf/ n] cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷)&! sf nflu c;f/ #) ut] ah] 6 k] z u¥of] { . % va{ !& ca{sf] s'n ah] 6sf] !^ k|ltzt / sd lzIff If] qsf nflu 5'§fOPsf] 5 . o; ut jif{eGbf sl/ a ! k|ltztn] sd / sd xf] eg] ut jif{eGbf !^ ca{ ?k} ofF a9L xf] . ut jif{ ^$ ca{ ?k} ofF lzIff If] qsf nflu 5'§fPsf] lyof] . ah] 6 lg/ If/ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf] wg ug] { elgPsf] 5 . ah] 6df !^ nfv hg;+VofnfO{ ;fIf/ agfpgsf nflu ! ca{ vr{ ug] { u/ L 5'§fOPsf] 5 . To: t} !) lhNnfdf cfwf/ e"t lzIff sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/ g] 5 . To;afx] s lzIff If] qnfO{ k|fyldstfdf / fvL ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] u'0f: t/ j[l4 tyf : t/ pGgltsf nflu vr{ ul/ g] elgPsf] 5 . cfOtaf/ ul/ Psf] ah] 6 efif0fdf lhNnfdf ;jf] {Ts[i6 x'g] ;fd'bflos ljBfnoaf6 Pp6f ljBfnonfO{ jif] {gL % nfv ?k} ofF k'/ : sf/ lbg] ;d] t 3f] if0ff u/ ] sf] 5 . To;afx] s ;/ sf/ L ljBfnosf] vF: sbf] P;Pn;L glthfnfO{ psf: gsf nflu ;d] t ah] 6 vr{ ul/ g] 5 . To;afx] s cfwf/ e"t lzIff cGtu{t ^) xhf/ PrcfO{eL÷P8\; ;+qmldt ;8s afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xof] u ul/ g] u/ L ah] 6 5'§fOPsf] 5 . ;/ sf/ n] ut jif{klg s'n ah] 6sf] ;a} eGbf 7"nf] c+z lzIffsf nflu 5'§fPsf] lyof] . t/ , ah] 6 cg';f/ sf] sfd x'g ;s] sf] lyPg . a;] {lg ah] 6sf] 7"nf] lx: ;f lzIffsf nflu vr{ ul/ P klg ;f] cg';f/ sf] k|ltkmn eg] b] lvFb} g . ljBfno lzIffsf] u'0f: t/ sf] hfFRg] s8L dflgg] P;Pn;L glthf !) k|ltzteGbf a9Ln] vl: sPsf] lyof] . cfwf/ e"t lzIffsf] sfo{qmd ;d] t / fd|f] ;Fu nfu" x'g ;s] sf] lyPg . ;g\ @)!% ;Ddsf ;a} gful/ snfO{ ;fIf/ agfpg] sfo{qmd klg sfof{Gjog x'g ;s] sf] lyPg . P;Pn;Lsf] glthf bzs otfs} sdhf] / ePsf] lyof] . a;]{lg ah] 6sf] 7"nf] lx: ;f lzIffdf vr{ x'g] t/ nufgLcg'?ksf] k|ltkmn gcfpFbf lzIffsf gfddf ;/ sf/ n] ug] { vr{ afn'jfdf kfgL vGofP;/ x ePsf] lyof] . To;} n] ljutsf sdLsdhf] / Lx?nfO{ d"Nof+sg, lrGtg dgg ub} { ca lzIffsf] ljsf;df lhDd] jf/ L / OdfGbf/ Lsf ;fy nfUg'kg] { b] lvG5 . k|To] s jif{ lzIffsf] v: sFbf] glthfnfO{ lnP/ lrlGtt x'g] , sdL sdhf] / Lx? cf} Nofpg] , To;sf nflu sld6L u7g ug] {, k|ltj] bg tof/ kfg] { t/ sfof{Gjog gug] { kl/ kf6LnfO{ TofuL lzIffsf] ljsf;df bQlrQ eO{ gnfUg] xf] eg] o: t} cj: yf csf] { jif{ klg gbf] xf] l/ Pnf eGg ;lsGg . xfdLsxfF P;Pn;LnfO{ kmnfd] 9f] sfsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . To;kl5sf] pRr lzIffsf nflu kmnfd] 9f] sf kf/ ul/ ;s] kl5 cfˆgf] pHofnf] eljiosf nflu s'g sn] hdf k9\g] , sn] h 5fGbf s] s'/ fdf Wofg lbg] , s'g ljifo k9\g] eGg] lg0f{o lng' ;lhnf] 5} g\ . t} klg otL a] nf;Dd w] / } ljBfyL{x? sn] hdf egf{ e} ;s] sf 5g\ eg] s] xL eg] egf{s} r6f/ f] df 5g\ . o;jif{ pQL{0f ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof / ;~rflns pRr dfWolds ljBfnosf] ;+VofnfO{ s] nfpg] xf] eg] cf} ;tdf Pp6f sn] h a/ fa/ hDdf %) hgf ljBfyL{ k5{g . o; jif{ P;Pn;L k/ LIffdf ;xefuL $ nfv #% xhf/ #^ ljBfyL{dWo] ;/ sf/ L : s'nsf # nfv !) xhf/ # ;o #* ljBfyL{ lyP . ;+VofTds lx;fan] x] bf{ ;/ sf/ L : s'nsf ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof w/ } / x] klg pQL0f{ k|ltzt eg] lgs} dfq @^=%^ / x\of] . ;/ sf/ Lsf ljBfyL{dWo] ^!=$$ k|ltzt ljBfyL{ cg'QL0f{ ePsf 5g\ . / fHon] ;a} eGbf a9L nufgL lzIff If] qsf nflu vlr{b} cfPsf] 5 . o;/ L x] bf{ ;/ sf/ n] k|lt ljBfyL{ a/ fa/ ? !) xhf/ ?k} ofF k|To] s jif{ vlr{b} cfPsf] 5 . clxn] sf] glthfnfO{ x] bf{ / fHosf] nufgL em08} @$ ca{sf] nufgL v] / u} / x] sf] 5 . ;/ sf/ L : s'ndf P;Pn;Lsf] glthf t lau|of] lau|of] To;kl5sf] glthf klg lau|] nf ls egL r] tgf / fvL ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dodf g} ;hs / xg' k5{ . ljBfyL{x¿n] ;xL af6f] 5fGg jf ;xL sn] h / f] Hg ;s] sf 5g\ jf 5} gg\ eGg] lrGtf ±@ k9\bfsf] casf] b'O{ jif{sf] cWoogn] b] vfpF5 . ljBfyL{ Pj+ cleefjs ;xL af6f] jf sn] h 5fGg] a] nfdf cndndf kg'{ : jefljs xf] , lsgeg] g t / fHon] s] Gb|Lo : t/ sf] k/ fdz{sf] Joj: yf u/ ] sf] 5 g t lghL ljBfno Pj+ sn] hnufot cGo lghL ;: yfx¿n] : jtGq ?kdf k/ fdz{sf] Joj: yf ldnfPsf] 5 . h] h: tf] h;/ L eP klg ljBfyL{ Pj+ cleefjsn] sn] h 5flg;s] sf 5g . cfˆgf] eljio ;'lglZrt agfpglt/ ;f] r ug'{ afx] s cGo ;f] r / fVg' a] sf/ dfq x'g] 5 . sn] hsf] bfloTj ljBfyL{ egf{sf] ;dodf sn] hx¿n] cf–cfˆg} z} nLdf ljBfyL{ Pj+ cleefjsnfO{ jf: tljs jf ljleGg k|nf] eg af9] sf] 5 h;sf] kmn: j¿k e/ v/ P;Pn;L pQL0f{ u/ ] sf slnnf dl: t: s afnaflnsf Pj+ k"0f{ ¿kdf Ph's] 6] 8 ge} ;s] sf cleefjsx¿nfO{ sn] h 5fGgsf nflu ;lhn} slGeG; u/ fP/ gofF ljBfyL{ egf{ ug{ sn] hx¿ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . egf{sf ;dodf sn] hx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ cAan b] vfpg sn] hx?nfO{ ljleGg s'/ fdf hf] 8 lbG5g\ . h: t} , u'0f: t/ Lo / Jojfxfl/ s lzIffdf . . k/ LIffsf] glthfdf . z} lIfs u'0f: t/ k"jf{wf/ tyf lzIf0f ljlwdf . cltl/ Qm lqmofsnfkdf . gofF g] kfn lgdf{0fdf gofF k': tf hGdfpgdf . ;Ifd hgzlQm pTkfbgdf hf] 8 lbOG5 . To: t} , gofF–gofF k|ljlwnfO{ hf] 8 lbP/ l;h{glzn lzIffdf . hLjgkof] uL / Jojxfl/ s cWofkgdf . k|of] ufTds cWoogdf . b] zs} cg'ejL tyf lzIff If] qd} gfd sdfPsf JolQmx¿åf/ f ;~rflnt sn] heGb} ljBfyL{x? cfslif{t u/ ] sf] kfOG5 . cGt/ f{li6«o : t/ sf] lzIff g] kfnd} jf : jb] zdf, lzIf0f, cg';Gwfg / ;fdflhs lqmofsnfknfO{ ;Fu;Fu} n} hfg] lzIf0f ljlwdf, JolStut tyf ;d"xut ¿kdf lgoldt sIff k|: t'ltsf] k|aGw ldnfOPsf] df, 5'§} ljZjljBfno : yfkgf ug{] p2] Zosf ;fy cl3 al9/ x] sf] sn] heGb} lj1fkg ul/ / xsf] kfpF5f} . ljlzi6 JolQmx¿sf] gfd ehfP/ cflb OToflb . ljleGg y/ Lsf gf/ fx¿ lbP/ ljBfyL{ egf{ ug{ s] xL sn] h ;kmn ePsf] 5 eg] s] xL sn] h cem} ljBfyL{ vf] hLdf nflu/ x] sf 5g\ . h'g;'s} gf/ f lbP/ ljBfyL{ egf{ u/ ] klg cfufdL lbgx¿df ljBfyL{ egf{ ubf{ h'g h'g sld6\d] G6 ljBfyL{ / cleefjs;Fu u/ ] sf] 5 Tof] sn] hn] k"/ f ug'{ k5{ . olb k'/ f ug{ g;s] df e'm6 v] tLsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ x'g' / sn] h ;] jfd'vLeGbf klg Joj;flosd'vL cu|;/ ePsf] b] lvG5 . s'g} klg sn] hn] ljBfyL{ egf{ ubf{ cfk"mn] u/ ] sf] sld6\d] G6 k"/ f u/ ] sf] 5 jf 5} g To;nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfon] lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg ug'{k5{ h;sf] kmn: j?k cfufdL jif{df e|d jf e"m6f] sf] v] tL ug{ g;Sg] / ljBfyL{ Pj+ cleefjs of: tf df/ af6 jl~rt x'g] 5g\ . : jR5 jftfj/ 0f, cTofw'lgs sDKo"6/ k|of] uzfnf, lj1fg k|of] uzfnf, xf] 6] n Dofg] hd] G6, k|of] uzfnf, ;] ldgf/ xn jf xl/ ofnL jftfj/ 0f tof/ ug'{ sn] hsf] bfloTj xf] . s'zn Pj+ bIf tyf cg'ejL lzIfsx?åf/ f sIff ;~rfng ug'{ csf{] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd] jf/ L sn] hsf] xf] . sl/ o/ sfpG;] lnª sIffx¿sf] Joj: yfkg, lgoldt ¿kdf JolQmut tyf ;fd"lxs sIffx¿sf] k|: t'lt, / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{li6«o : t/ sf Voflt k|fKt JolQmx¿åf/ f ;] ldgf/ , js{zk, tyf 6] «lgªsf] Joj: yf ul/ Psf] x'g'k5{ . lzIf0f k4ltnfO{ cem Jojxfl/ s jf ;Lkd"n's agfpg lzIf0f, cg';Gwfg / ;fdflhs lqmofsnfknfO{ ;Fu;Fu} n} hfg] Joj: yfkg ldnfPsf] , ljBfyL{sf] k|ltef b] vfpg] n] v, / rgf h: tf dxTjk"0f{ ljifox¿nfO{ ;d] 6] / lgoldt ¿kdf klqsf k|sfzg ug{ kfpg] cj;/ Joj: yf ul/ Psf] x'g'k5{ . ;fy} z} lIfs Sofn] G8/ nfO{ r': t / b'?: t sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' kg{] , lgoldt ¿kdf ljBfyL{sf] k|ult ljj/ 0f cleefjsnfO{ lbg] , lgoldt ?kdf ljBfyL{ cleefjs, lzIfs Joj: yfks aLr v'Nnf 5nkmn cflb OToflb sn] hn] ldnfOPsf] x'g'k5{ . h;sf] kmn: j?k ljBfyL{n] cfk"mn] vf] hsf] / rfx] sf] lzIff ;lhn} lng ;S5g\ . lghL sn] hx?sf] e"ldsf cToGt 7"nf] 5 / fi6« lgdf{0fsf nflu slnnf dl: t: ssf afnaflnsfnfO{ cg'zf;gdf / fVgsf nflu Discipline In-charge (DI) sf] Joj: yf ldnfpg'eGbf klg lgoldt ¿kdf sfpG;] lnª / df] l6e] ;g sIffx¿sf] Joj: yf ldnfO{ ljBfyL{sf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf;df Wofg lbg' sn] hsf] csf{] dxTjk"0f{ bfloTj xf] . / fHosf] jf ;/ sf/ sf] bfloTj h'g;'s} b] zdf klg / fHosf] e"ldsf 7"nf] x'G5 . / fHo ;kmn jf c;kmn b'a} sf] h; / pkh; / fHonfO{ g} hfg] x'G5 To;} n] / fHon] ;dodf g} gLlt / lgod agfpFbf cToGt kf/ bzL{ 9+un] ;f] r / fvL cufl8 a9\g' k5{ . lghL ;F: yf / ;/ sf/ L ;: yfnfO{ 5'§ofP/ x] g{] jf e] befjug{] h'g k|s[lt 5 Tof] x6\g' k5{ . / fHon] s: tf] JolQm pTkfbg ug{ rfx] sf] xf] , / fHonfO{ s: tf] JolQm cfjZos 5, cGt/ f{li6«o : t/ df s: tf] lsl;dsf] JolQm pTkfbdf hf] 8 lbPsf] kfOG5, clxn] sf] / eljiosf] cfjZostf s] xf] Tof] ;xL ;dodf klxrfg u/ ] / cl3 a9\g' kg{] lhDd] jf/ L / fHos} xf] To;} n] ;/ sf/ n] s'g} klg ;+: yfnfO{ xf] ; jf JolQmnfO{ bf] if b] vfP/ cfk"m klG5g kfOFb} g . ;/ fsf/ n] sfg'g / k4ltaf6 lgoGq0f ug] {, cg'udg jf lg/ LIf0f ug] { kIfnfO{ hf] 8 lbg] , cleefjsnfO{ ljifo 5gf] 6 ;DaGwL Ph's] 6 ug] { ljifodf Sofn] G8/ agfpg' kg] {, b] zsf] uDeL/ cj: yfnfO{ ;Daf] wg ug{ ;Sg] bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] lsl;dsf] lzIf0f k4ltsf] Joj: yf ug'{kg] {, ;docg';f/ x/ ] s afnaflnsfsf] JoflQmut ljsf; ePsf] 5 jf 5} g To;sf] lgoldt cg'udg ug'{kg] { cflb OToflb . ljsl;t b] zx¿df lghL ;+3;: yfx¿nfO{ / fHonfO{ h;/ L Wofg k'¥ofPsf] x'G5, To;/ Lg} xfd|f] b] zsf] / fHon] klg lghL sn] h / : s'nnfO{ x] g] { b[li6sf] 0f ;f} tfsf] h: tf] gu/ L cfjZos ;xof] usf] / rgfTds e"ldsf v] Ng' kg] { b] lvG5 . lgikIf ¿kdf jf ljleGg kf6L{df ;+nUg ePsf jf : jtGq ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ lzIffljb\ eg] / lrgfpg] JoflQmx¿nufot lzIff;Fu ;DalGwt ;/ f] s/ fjfnf JoflQmx¿, gLlt lgdf{0f st{fx¿ Pp6} ynf] df pleP/ v'nf uf] nd] rg ;Dd] ng u/ L lzIff gLltdf cToGt r': t / b'?: t kfg'{ kg] { sfd / fHos} xf] . To;kl5 sfof{Gjog ug] { lhDdf ;+alGwt ;/ f] sf/ jfnf JolQmx¿sf] x'g] 5 . cleefjssf] bfloTj clxn] sf] o'udf lzIff plQs} cfjZostf / r'gf] tLsf] ljifo klg e} ;Sof] . lzIffsf] : t/ psf: g Tolt ;lhnnf] 5} g . o;nfO{ j: t'k/ s / cg';Gwfgd'vL agfpg cleefjs, lzIfs / sn] h Joj: yfkgaLr uxg 5nkmn eO/ xg'kb{5 . o;} qmddf lgoldt ¿kdf sn] h uPguPsf] , u[xsfo{ u/ ] gu/ ] sf] / k/ LIffdf ;fd] n ePgePsf] klg Vofn ug'{k5{ . o;sf ;fy} sn] hsf] lgod pNnª\3g ul/ / x] sf] 5 eg] To;sf] af/ ] df hlt lrlGtt x'G5g, cleefjsx¿ klg plQs} lrlGtt x'g cfjZos 5 . cleefjn] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sn] hsf] ultljlwsf af/ ] df af/ Daf/ ;f] lw/ xg] plgx¿nfO{ g} lts ;Gb] z lbO/ xg] / / fd|f] sfddf k|] l/ t ul/ / xg'k5{ . ;a} eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/ f cfhef] nL b'Jo{;gdf km: g] ;Defjgf a9L epsf] x'gfn] ljBfyL{x¿nfu" kbfy{ b'Jo{;gdf km: g nfu] sf] ;ª\s] t kfPdf a] n} df ;r] t u/ fpg' klg cleefjssf] k/ d st{Ao xf] . ljByL{ egf{sf] ;dodf sn] hn] u/ ] sf] sld6d] G6 k"/ f u/ ] sf] 5 jf 5} g to;nfO{ ljz] if Wofg lbg' kg[{] cleefjs sf] dxTj k"0f{ lhDd] jf/ L x'G5 . ljifo 5gf] 6 s;/ L ug] { < ljifo 5gf] 6 ubf{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] ¿lr / ;dosf] dfu a'‰g'k5{ . ¿lrljgfsf] k9fO{ / ;dosf] dfu ljgfsf] k9fO lg/ y{s ;ljt x'G5 . ¿lr / ;dosf] dfunfO{ dfq Vofn u/ ] / klg k'Ub} g ;j{k|yd ljBfyL{ : jodn] ljifout Ifdtfsf] klg cfTdd"Nofª\sg ug'{k5{ . ;s] ;Dd hLjgf] kof] uL, / f] huf/ d"ns / Joofjxfl/ s ljifo rog ug'{ / fd|f] x'G5 . T;sf] ;fy ;fy} cfk"mnfO{ dg kg{] ljifo ljifo 5gf} 6 ug{ ;s] df cem} / fd|f] ;Fu cfˆgf] cWoog k"/ f ug{ ;lsG5 . ljBfyL{sf] ?lr jf OR5f ;xL tl/ sfn] : s"ndf klxrfg u/ L cleefjs / ljBfyL{nfO : s"nn] ufO8 ug{] l;: 6dnfO{ Jojxf/ df Nofpg ;Sg] e"ldsf : d"nn] ug{ ;s] df cem ljBfyL{ / cleefjs ljifo 5gf} 6df gcndlng] b] lvG5g\ . ljBfyL{sf] bfloTj sltoo ljBfyL{x¿n] k9fO{nfO{ Tolt uDeL/ ¿kdf glng] / lnP klg k/ LIff glhlsFbf dfq uDeL/ ¿kdf lng] u/ ] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o: tf] k|j[lQn] pgLx¿ cfkm} kl5 k5{g . x/ ] s lbgsf] lgoldt cWoog, u[xsfo{, sIff sfo{sfo{ / : jd"Nofª\sg ug] { afgLn] dfq} ;sf/ Tds kl/ jt{g cfpFb} hfG5 gq k9fOdf / fd|f] cª\s Nofpg ;lsFb} g . sltko ljBfyL{x¿n] cleefjs / lzIfssf] bafadf k/ ] / dfq k9\g] u5{g . o: tf] k|j[lQn] klg / fd|f] ;kmntf xft nfUb} g . cGt/ f{li6«o : y/ sf] lzIff lng] jftfj/ 0f ljBfyL{x¿cfkm} n] tof/ kfg'{kb{5, k9] / dfq klg x'b} g . s] k9\g] , s;/ L k9\g] / slt a] nf k9\g] ;Ddsf s'/ fx¿sf] plrt Aoj: yfkg ug'{k5{ . ;a} eGbf hl6n / dxTjk"0f{ s'/ f s] xf] eg] ljBfyL{x¿n] ;do Joj: yfkgdf lgs} ljj] s k'¥ofpg'k5{ . x/ ] s ljifosf] ;do tflnsf agfpg] , gf] 6 agf/ k9\g] , Sofn] G8/ cg';f/ PsfO{ k/ LIff, dfl;s k/ LIff / q} dfll;s Pjd\ aflif{s k/ LIffx¿sf] tof/ L ug'{kb{5 . ljBfyL{x¿ k9fOsf] sL/ f] dfq x'g'x'Fb} g . cltl/ Qm lqmofsnfk, zf/ Ll/ s Jofofd, v] ns'b, uLt ;+uLt cflb JoflQmTj ljsf; x'g] vfnsf sfo{qmdx¿df klg ;l/ s x'g'k5{ . g]kfndf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq z'? u/L sf7df8f} EofnL SofDk; ;~rfng gePsf] eP ;fob cfhsf] sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnon] hGd lng] lyPg . lghL If]q / klAns SofDk;x¿af6 z"Go Kn; 6' jf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx z'? gu/]sf] eP k|fljlws tyf ;fwf/0f ljifox¿df ljZjljBfno :t/sf sfo{qmdx¿n] utL lng] lyPg . g]kfnsf] pRr lzIff / ljBfno lzIffdf u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug{ lghL If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 . o;sf] kxn Kn; 6'sf ;~rfnsx¿n] gu/]sf] eP / /fHon] v'nf lzIff gLlt NofP/ ;xof]u gk'¥ofPsf] eP d'n'ssf] lzIff If]qn] km8\sf] dfg{] lyPg / cfhsf] cj:yfdf g]kfnL lzIff hut\ cfOk'Ug] lyPg . lghL If]qsf] of]ubfg g]kfndf u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug{] qmddf lghL If]qn] cxd\ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . lghL If]qn] ;/sf/L nufgLlagf cfkm\g} nufgLdf 7"nf] hf]lvd af]s]/ ;fwg / ;|f]t h'6fO{ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . lghL If]qn] dflj, pdflj / ljZjljBfno tx;Ddsf] lzIffdf of]Uo, ;Ifd, cg'zfl;t, st{Jo k/fo0f, ax'd'vL k|ltefn] ;DkGg, /fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o hutdf ;d]t k|ltikwL{, bIf Pj+ l;h{gzLn gful/s pTkfbg u/L /fi6«nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . lghL If]qn] g]kfnsf] lzIffsf] :t/ clej[l4 ug{, lzIffdf cfdgful/ssf] kx'“r a9fpg / z}lIfs Sofn]08/ lgdf{0f ug{ / tb\g'?k sfof{Gjog u/fpg, ;/sf/sf] lzIff gLltnfO{ Ps xb;Dd ;kmn t'Nofpg cxd\ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . lghL If]qn] cfkm\g} nufgLdf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf lj:tf/ ug{, cfjZos ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{, z}lIfs Pj+ k|zf;lgs k"jf{wf/x¿ v8f ug{, lzIffdf If]qLo ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . lghL If]qn] glthfd"ns lzIffdf Wofg lbPsf] 5 / lj1fg tyf k|fljlws lzIffdf a9L nufgL u/L cleefjs Pj+ ljBfyL{sf] nufgLnfO{ v]/ hfgaf6 lgs} xb;Dd /f]sL lg?T;flxt hdftnfO{ pT;flxt agfp“b} /fHonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . lghL If]qn] cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] hu bx|f] kf/L dfWolds / pRr dfWolds lzIffdf /fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o hutdf ;d]t k|ltikwf{ ug{ ;Sg], ljZj ahf/sf] dfunfO{ k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg] hgzlQm pTkfbg u/]sf] 5 . pRr lzIfftkm{ gljg 1fg tyf ljlzi6 ;Lk tyf bIftfn] cf]tk|f]t /f]huf/d"ns hgzlQm pTkfbg u/L ;d[¢ /fi6« lgdf{0fsf nflu 6]jf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . lzIffdf lghL If]qsf] cfudgaf6 /fi6«nfO{ cfjZos k|fljlws hgzlQm h:t}, d]l8l;g, OlGhlgol/Ë, s[lif, jg lj1fg, lj1fg–k|ljlw cflb If]qdf u'0ffTds hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ cxd\ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . olb lghL If]qsf z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿ gx'g] xf] eg] z"Go Kn'6 6' / ;L6LO{eL6L cGtu{tsf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw;“u ;DalGwt ljleGg ljifox¿df xfn eO/x]sf] cWoog cWofkg c;Dej h:t} x'g] lyof] . lghL If]qn] u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg u/L d'n'ssf] 7"nf] wg/fzLnfO{ ljb]z hfgaf6 hf]ufPsf] 5, k"“hL knfog x'gaf6 arfPsf] 5 . lzIffsf] ljZjJofkL :jLs[t dfGotf cg'?k ;~rflnt ePsf] / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o lzIff gLltnfO{ cg'z/0f u/]sf] x'“bf g]kfnsf] lzIff g]kfnL xfjf, kfgL / df6f] ;'xfpFbf] / xfd|f] hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh / d'n'ssf] kl/j]z cg'?k ePsf] x'“bf g]kfnL klxrfgnfO{ Ps xb;Dd sfod ug{ ;kmn 5 . lghL If]qn] lzIfs, sd{rf/L tyf cGonfO{ k|ToIf / k/f]If /f]huf/L k|bfg u/L ljz]iftM z}lIfs a]/f]huf/L 36fpg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . lghL If]qn] xhf/f}+ ul/a tyf h]xGbf/ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg u/L / ljleGg ljwfsf /fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o v]nf8Lx¿ Pj+ cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf 5fq5fqfx¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg u/L u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|fKt ug]{ cj;/ h'6fOlbPsf] 5 . lghL If]qn] 7"nf–7"nf c:ktfn tyf k|of]uzfnfsf] dfWodaf6 /fi6«nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . 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